Pubs are more than just places to enjoy a pint—they are living markers of Britain’s culture, history, and traditions. Their names, which often trace back centuries, weave a tapestry of legends, local tales, heraldic symbols, and historical figures. From the ubiquitous Red Lion to the peculiar Cat & Fiddle, pub names reveal a story for every corner of Britain and beyond.
In this article, we’ll explore the origins and meanings of some of the most popular and intriguing pub names, shedding light on the colorful history behind these much-loved institutions.
A tradition born in medieval times
The practice of naming pubs dates back to the late Middle Ages when pub signs became mandatory in 1393. This law, enacted by Richard II of England, required alehouses to display signs identifying their establishments. The regulation aimed to make pubs recognizable to officials and customers alike, especially in an era when literacy was low.
Unlike modern branding, pub signs originally inspired the names rather than the other way around. These signs often depicted vivid imagery—paintings, ironwork, or even carved figures—to represent the pub’s identity, ensuring accessibility to all. Over time, these names evolved into some of the most enduring symbols of British culture.
The most common names and their origins
The Red Lion
The Red Lion is the most common pub name in Britain, reflecting deep ties to heraldry and monarchy. The symbol originates from John of Gaunt, founder of the House of Lancaster, who used the red lion in his heraldic badge. During the reign of James I of England, the red lion also symbolized loyalty to Scotland, as it was part of the royal arms of the Stuart dynasty. Variations like Golden Lion and Black Lion also reference heraldic traditions.
The Crown
Another popular choice, The Crown, often signifies allegiance to the reigning monarch. First appearing in the 15th century, this name gained popularity as a symbol of royal favor. Variations like Rose & Crown reference the Tudor rose, a nod to England’s dynastic history, while Angel & Crown connects royalty to divine authority.
Royal Oak
This evocative name pays tribute to Charles II of England, who famously hid in the Boscobel Oak to escape capture during the English Civil Wars. After his restoration to the throne in 1660, the legend of the Royal Oak became a cherished national tale, commemorated in countless pub names.
White Hart
A favorite of Richard II, the White Hart symbolized purity and strength in medieval heraldry. Richard made it his personal emblem, and the name quickly spread as a generic title for taverns in the 15th century. The male deer, with its striking antlers, remains an iconic pub motif.
Fox & Hounds
Reflecting the rural pastime of fox hunting, Fox & Hounds has been a staple in countryside pubs for over five centuries. The imagery celebrates the cunning fox and the thrill of the chase, capturing the essence of British sporting traditions. Names like Crafty Fox and Running Fox offer more playful interpretations of this theme.
The Anchor
Anchors are naturally associated with Britain’s maritime heritage. Found in coastal towns and canal-side villages alike, this name symbolizes safety and steadfastness. Some variations, like Anchor of Hope, even reference biblical imagery, emphasizing faith as an anchor in turbulent times.
Pub names steeped in legend and folklore
Cat & Fiddle
This whimsical name dates back to the 16th century, inspired by the nursery rhyme “Hey diddle diddle.” Its playful imagery often features a cat playing a violin, capturing a sense of fun and fantasy. Other cat-themed names, like Black Cat, reflect its traditional association with good luck.
The Green Man
This name draws from ancient pagan traditions and medieval mythology. The Green Man, often depicted as a face surrounded by leaves, symbolizes nature, renewal, and fertility. Alternatively, the name may reference Robin Hood, the legendary outlaw clad in green who championed justice from the forests of Nottingham.
George & Dragon
Honoring the legend of Saint George, England’s patron saint, this name evokes his famous battle with a dragon. It serves as a symbol of courage and triumph over evil, resonating deeply with British identity.
Names tied to professions and trade
Coach & Horses
A relic of Britain’s stagecoach era, this name highlights the vital role of inns as rest stops for weary travelers and their horses. Variations like Mail Coach and Coach & Six pay homage to the bustling network of stagecoaches that connected towns before the advent of railways.
Plough
Rooted in agricultural life, the name Plough celebrates Britain’s farming heritage. Common in rural areas, it sometimes includes combinations like Plough & Furrow or Plough & Sail, representing the duality of land and maritime economies.
Blacksmith’s Arms
This name reflects the importance of blacksmiths in rural communities, particularly their role in forging tools and shoeing horses. Pubs bearing this name were often gathering spots for local tradesmen and farmers.
More Affairs
The creativity of pub names
Landlords often combined motifs to create unique names, reflecting personal tastes or local quirks. For example, Bell & Bullock might combine references to church bells and rural life, while Swan with Two Necks cleverly alludes to swan ownership marks, a practice once regulated by the Crown. Such names not only attracted attention but also highlighted the creativity of sign painters.
As British culture expanded worldwide, so too did its pub names. From New York to Melbourne, echoes of Britain’s history live on in pubs bearing names like King’s Head or Royal Oak. These establishments continue to serve as cultural outposts, preserving traditions even as they adapt to new audiences.
Each pub name offers a window into Britain’s rich tapestry of history, legend, and local pride. Whether evoking royal allegiances, ancient myths, or practical professions, these names connect communities to their past. So, the next time you step into a pub, take a moment to appreciate the story behind its name—it might just make your pint taste even better.
